Phenylalanine is normally acquired by gmo e.coli bacteria. could you elaborate on how your source is gmo free?

Answer Although I'm not the producer but only a consumer, I am a scientist and can explain. Both E. coli and C. glutamicum can be used for the production of L-phenylalanine. The biosynthetic pathway is quite complex. An interesting feature is that the same pathway is responsible for the synthesis of all the three aromatic amino acids-tyrosine and tryptophan, besides phenylalanine. The synthetic pathway commences with the condensation of erythrose 4-phosphate with phosphoenol pyruvate to form deoxyarabinoheptulosonate phosphate (DAHP). DAHP in the next series of reactions is converted to chorismate which can form L-tryptophan. Chorismate mutase converts chorismate to prephenate which forms L-phenylalanine through the participation of prephenate dehydrogenase. Prephenate also serves as a precursor for the synthesis of tyrosine. Notably, L-Phe is used in the production the sweetener aspartame, which has a steadily increasing world-wide demand. Currently, L-Phe is obtained by chemical, enzymatic or microbial processes. In recent years, there has been increased interest in producing L-Phe through microbial fermentation, especially by metabolically engineered strains of E. coli, which have a high growth rate and well-defined physiological characteristics. Metabolic engineering can be used for increased yield, however that is not a rule. The company also has a patent hence they have achieved commercially synthesising amino acids through other means than GM bacteria, and would not be allowed to sell GMO products advertised as "organic" under UK law. Sorry for the long post but I've studied Physiology and Genetics 😁

how many mg in each serving?

Hi 👋 what you see on the container in mg is the amount of individual amino acids per capsule. Therefore, double what you see to get the actual mg per serving! I have been using these amino acids for a very long time, and swear by them. I hope this helps! Have a wonderful day!

L carnitine seems to be missing from the blend and it's been recommended i take it... Can you suggest a product please? Thanks

L CARNITINE is created by the liver and kidneys from Amino acids lysine and methionine... Both of those are in this total Amino brand... I take them every day and my recovery rate has improved and I can feel my muscles building again, where as due to illness I have suffered muscle wastage, these aminos are reversing that!

Product Name	Amino Acids supplement
Additives	Additive Free
Allergen Information	Contains: Fish Free, Gluten Free, Lactose Free, Soy Free, Wheat Free
Units	120 count
Storage Instructions	Store in a cool dry place, out of the reach and sight of young children
Serving Recommendation	Take 2 capsules daily, within 15 minutes of completing your workout.
Manufacturer contact	G&G Vitamins. East Grinstead. RH19 1RL
Country of origin	gb
Brand	G&G Vitamins
Format	Capsule
Age Range Description	Adult
Country of origin	United Kingdom

Total Amino - Full Spectrum - All 20 Amino Acids - EAA, BCAA - Free Form - 120 Vegan Capsules - Made in the UK by G&G Vitamins

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